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- <text id=90TT1809>
- <title>
- July 09, 1990: "There Was Nowhere To Go But Up"
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- July 09, 1990 Abortion's Most Wrenching Questions
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 46
- "There Was Nowhere to Go but Up"
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> If the world's economic leaders had visited Houston a few
- years ago, they would have found a down-at-the-heels oil town.
- Not anymore. Across the city last week, thousands of bag-toting
- volunteers scoured streets and back alleys for litter. Others
- painted over graffiti and planted hundreds of red begonias.
- Freshly remodeled hotels stocked up on ethnic food; civic
- workers conducted courtesy classes for taxi drivers; and the
- police readied 125 new patrol cars for escort duty.
- </p>
- <p> All that pizazz, however, is only frosting on the cake for
- Houston. The city is in the third year of a brisk economic
- recovery that is transforming the fourth largest U.S. city
- (pop. 1.7 million) from a freewheeling oil-and-gas town to a
- more broadly based cosmopolitan center. Energy still
- constitutes 60% of the economy, but that is down from 83% in
- 1981. Boasts Mayor Kathy Whitmire: "We are no longer a
- one-industry town."
- </p>
- <p> Factories are sprouting and expanding to accommodate
- newcomers in such fields as aerospace, computers and medical
- services. The population exodus has been reversed as office
- towers, whose occupancy levels plummeted as low as 10% in 1986,
- fill with firms springing up or relocating from other states.
- As Houston diversifies, it is shedding some of its
- rough-and-tumble past for an urbane glitter. Chic Italian
- restaurants now set the gastronomic tone, and croissant parlors
- near Rice University are crowded with research biologists from
- the nearby Texas Medical Center.
- </p>
- <p> The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation helped fuel the
- comeback by pumping in $5 billion to recapitalize three major
- banks, while two others were shored up by acquisition. "Houston
- deflated so sharply there was nowhere to go but up," says
- Barton Smith, a University of Houston economist. Low-energy
- prices forced the oil industry to reduce its reliance on such
- traditional businesses as exploration and production, while
- investing more heavily in refining and petrochemical
- manufacturing, which can earn greater profits.
- </p>
- <p> Houston's bargain-price land and labor have lured dozens of
- companies, including small steel mills, toolmakers and clothing
- manufacturers. The cost of office space, at $15 per sq. ft.
- (compared with $43 in Manhattan), is among the lowest in the
- U.S., and the median $69,000 price for a single-family home is
- about 30% below the U.S. average. At the same time, aggressive
- promotion has helped Houston keep its newcomers close to home.
- When fast-growing Compaq Computer hinted that it might pick
- another locale for a 4,000-worker plant expansion, community
- leaders assembled a $7.7 million package of tax abatements, bus
- service and access roads that won Compaq over.
- </p>
- <p> The situation is a marked turnaround from 1986, when
- unemployment topped 12%, U-Haul trailers streamed out of the
- city, and foreclosures were rampant. Today the area has
- regained 77% of the 220,000 jobs it lost; unemployment has been
- whittled to 5.3%; and suburban condos that sank in value to as
- little as $5,000 have rebounded to more than $25,000.
- </p>
- <p> Houston still has remnants of its oil-bust hangover. The
- real estate market is saddled with 55,000 vacant, subdivided
- lots left over from the building boom. The city has
- environmental woes as well, ranking as one of the four U.S.
- cities most afflicted by air pollution. Yet the broad scope of
- Houston's recovery suggests a new stability and maturity. Says
- A. Robert Abboud, chairman of First City Bancorp.: "Houston's
- coming back strong, but with a good deal of caution because of
- the past."
- </p>
- <p>By Richard Woodbury/Houston.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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